Table of contents
What are the 8 Wastes of LEAN?
LEANLEAN Definition LEAN is a production method aimed primarily ... Learn More... thinking is a way to eliminate wasteMuda (無駄, on'yomi reading) is a ... Learn More... from work processes. It is important to first understand what waste is before you dive into these 8 wastesMuda (無駄, on'yomi reading) is a ... Learn More.... Any action or step that doesn’t add value for the customer is considered a waste. Waste is simply any processThere are many ways to organize your lean six sigma processe... the customer doesn’t want to pay for.
Taiichi Ohno (Chief Engineer at Toyota) developed the original seven wastesMuda (無駄, on'yomi reading) is a ... Learn More... (MudaMuda (無駄, on'yomi reading) is a ... Learn More...), as part of the Toyota Production SystemTPS – The Toyota Production System The Toyota Production ... Learn More.... These seven wastesMuda (無駄, on'yomi reading) is a ... Learn More... include Transportation, InventoryMuda (無駄, on'yomi reading) is a ... Learn More... and MotionMuda (無駄, on'yomi reading) is a ... Learn More..., DefectsMuda (無駄, on'yomi reading) is a ... Learn More..., OverproductionMuda (無駄, on'yomi reading) is a ... Learn More..., OverprocessingMuda (無駄, on'yomi reading) is a ... Learn More..., WaitingMuda (無駄, on'yomi reading) is a ... Learn More..., Waiting, Overproduction, and Overprocessing. These seven wastes are commonly referred to as the acronym TIMWOOD. In the 1990s, the Toyota Production SystemTPS – The Toyota Production System The Toyota Production ... Learn More... was introduced to the West. This was when the 8th waste of Skills was introduced. These 8 wastes are often referred to collectively as “TIMWOODS”.
The 8 Wastes of LEAN

1- Transportation
Transportation waste includes the movement of people, goods, tools, inventory, and equipment that is more than is necessary. Product damage and defects can be caused by the excessive movement of materials. Excessive movement of equipment and people can also lead to increased wear and tear and exhaustion.
Workers who work together often in the office should be near one another. Material needed for production in a factory should be readily accessible at the location of production. Double or triple handling should be avoided.
One of the countermeasures against transportation waste is to develop a U-shape manufacturing line, create a flow between processes, and not over-produce work in process (WIP).

7 Waste LEAN ManufacturingLean manufacturing (also known as lean production, just-i... Learn More...;
8 Waste LEAN ManufacturingLEAN Definition LEAN is a production method aimed primarily ... Learn More...;
Waste LEAN types;
2. Inventory
Because of the holding costs, inventory is considered waste. This applies to raw materials, WIP, and finished goods. Inventory waste can be caused by overbuying or poor planning and forecasting. It may also signal a broken or poorly designed process link between operations and purchasing/scheduling. LEAN is not limited to operations. It also involves process optimization and communication among support functions.
Forecasting, purchasing, and scheduling can all be done in a standardized way. This is accomplished by defining minimums and maximums as well as order points. These points are then mapped to the process flow. This type of waste can be reduced by purchasing only the necessary, reducing WIP, and narrowing or eliminating the definition of “safety stocks”.

7 Waste LEAN Manufacturing;
8 Waste LEAN Manufacturing;
Waste LEAN types;
3. Motion
Money is spent on the waste of motion. This does not just include raw materials, but also people and equipment. This could also include excessive physical motion like reaching, lifting, and bending. Any unnecessary motion increases costs and results in a loss of value.
Process mapping, which is based on the core LEAN methodology, should include workplace layout and optimization. This includes analysis of distances within the space and the locations of parts, supplies, and tools within it. With well-designed and documented standard work, you can capture the space’s full potential with a process map.

7 Waste LEAN Manufacturing;
8 Waste LEAN Manufacturing;
Waste LEAN types;
4. Waiting
Waste of waiting refers to 1) people who are waiting for material or equipment; and 2) idle equipment. Uneven production lines can lead to long waiting times. This can cause excess inventory or overproduction.
The waste of Waiting in the office can be waiting for someone to reply to an email, having files awaiting review, ineffective meetings, and waiting for the computer to load a program. Waiting for waste in a manufacturing plant can mean waiting for materials to arrive and waiting for the correct instructions to start manufacturing.
There are several countermeasures to waiting. These include designing processes that ensure continuous flowDelivering the right value to your customers at the right mo... Learn More... or one-piece flow, leveling the workload using standard work instructions, and creating flexible multi-skilled workers capable of quickly adapting to changing work demands.

7 Waste LEAN Manufacturing;
8 Waste LEAN Manufacturing;
Waste LEAN types;
5. Overproduction
Overproduction happens when sub-components of a process or service are made before they are needed by downstream processes. Overproduction can have several negative consequences. It causes a “caterpillar effect” in the production flow, which results in excess WIP. This can lead to additional staging and labor needed to move the WIP further. It can conceal defects that could be caught earlier if the processes were balanced so that the defectA defect is a physical, functional, or aesthetic attrib... Learn More... could have been detected earlier. If the defectDefective definition in Six Sigma: A defective unit is one t... Learn More... were discovered in time, the WIP components could have been used to correct it.
To reduce overproduction, LEAN systems use several tools. Takt timeTAKT Time Definition Takt time, or simply Takt, is a manufac... Learn More... is used for balancing rates across cells and departments. Process-mapped jobs and measured jobs allow for faster setup times, which allows for efficient small batch flow. Kanban, a pull system that can be used in many industries to control or eliminate work in progress, is a common tool.

6. Over-processing
Over-processingMuda (無駄, on'yomi reading) is a ... Learn More... is when you do more work, add more components, or have more steps than the customer requires. This could be done by using higher precisionPrecision refers to the agreement between the measured quant... Learn More... equipment, using components that have greater capacities than required, running more analyses than necessary, over-engineering solutions, changing a component after it is installed, and adding more functionality to a product. Over-processing in the office can mean that you generate more detailed reports than necessary, require more signatures, double enter data, have more forms than required, or add an extra step to a workflow.
Understanding the customer’s needs is an effortless way to avoid over-processing. Before you start work, always keep the customer in mind. Produce to the standard and expectations of the customer and only make the quantity required.

7. Defects
Defects can impact customer satisfaction, time, money, and resources. Production environment defects include poor documentation, inconsistent inventory levels, poor design, and changes to related documentation.
Effective ways to reduce defect waste include formalized document control, design change documentation, detailed and documented quality procedures in all production phases, and checklists that have been audited for compliance. Standardized work in every department, cell, and point of the production line will also help to reduce this type of waste.

8. Skills
Although it wasn’t part of the Toyota Production System (TPSTPS – The Toyota Production System The Toyota Production ... Learn More...), many people know about the 8th waste, the waste of human potential. The 8th is also known as the waste of ingenuity and human talent. This is when management and employees are separated. Management’s role in some companies is to plan, organize, control, and innovate the production process. The role of the employee is to follow instructions and complete work according to a plan. It is hard to improve processes if you don’t engage the knowledge and expertise of frontline workers. This is because the people who do the work are the most skilled at identifying and solving problems.
Poor training, insufficient incentives, not asking employees for feedback, and placing employees in jobs that are below their qualifications and skills could all be examples of non-utilized talent in the workplace. This waste in manufacturing can be seen in employees who aren’t properly trained, don’t know how to operate equipment effectively, or when are given the wrong tool. Employees are also not challenged to think of ways to improve their work.
Identifying the 8 Wastes
Recognizing that there is waste is the first step in reducing it and creating a process to identify them. Value Stream MappingWhat is a Value Stream Map? Six Sigma's Value Stream Map is ... Learn More... is a LEAN management technique that analyzes the current state and designs a future one. It tracks the information flow and materials as they happen. VSMWhat is a Value Stream Map? Six Sigma's Value Stream Map is ... Learn More... can be used to map out production processes, show the relationship between them visually, and separate value-addedAn activity that adds value to a product or business process... Learn More... from non-value-addedIn Six Sigma, Non-Value-Added (NVA) activities are activitie... Learn More... activities.
Use the VSM to identify waste and begin with the customer. From the end customer, work backward to the beginning of the production processes. Record the eight wastesMuda (無駄, on'yomi reading) is a ... Learn More... and create a plan to eliminate or reduce them. Your team should continue to challenge you to identify more waste and continually improve their processes. Get to know your frontline workers and get their suggestions for improvement. Your team will become more confident in their ability to solve problems and reduce waste as a daily part of their day as they begin to reduce efficiencies.