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Surface Plot

What are surface plots? A plot for a Response or z-variable based on a mesh determined from two input factors, an x-variable and a y-variable. A three-dimensional graph is required to visualize the relationship between three variables. Surface plots are diagrams...

Standard Deviation

Cumulative probability of a normal distribution with expected value 0 and SD 1. In statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values. A low S.D. indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean (also...

Stability of a Measurement System

Measurement system stability refers to the consistent performance of measuring equipment, operators, and procedures over extended time periods. Unlike repeatability studies that focus on short-term variation, stability assessment evaluates whether measurement bias...

Specification Limits

Specification Limits are targets based on the customer requirements or expectations. The Voice of the Customer is the customer’s specification limits. They are different than control limits, which are calculated according to the control chart you are using....

Special Cause Variation

Special cause variation represents unpredictable, intermittent changes in process performance. These changes result from specific, identifiable factors outside the normal operating system. Unlike common cause variation, special cause variation does not occur naturally...
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