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Covariate

Covariates can be described as characteristics (excluding the actual treatment). You could collect data about characteristics before running an experiment to determine how treatment affects different groups and populations. You could also use this data to adjust for...

Cost of Quality (COQ)

For many years, the concept of COQ is well-known. Joseph Juran, a quality expert, and renowned author wrote about the concept of quality cost in his 1951 book Quality Control Handbook. He defined COQ to include both tangible and intangible costs. Armand Feigenbaum...

Cost of Non-Conformance

The cost of non-conformance represents one of the most significant yet often overlooked expenses in the business world. Organisations across the globe struggle with quality failures that result in substantial financial losses, damaged reputations, and decreased...

Cost of Conformance

Cost of Conformance refers to the level to which a product or service meets its requirements. It is the sum of all costs incurred by a company in order to achieve the desired quality level for a product, service, or product. All of the attention is directed towards...

Corrective and Preventive Action (CAPA)

CAPA, or Corrective And Preventive Action, is a methodological strategy for mitigating risks and improving processes, identifying the sources of actual or potential issues and their root causes, planning solutions for those problems, and documenting the solution so...
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