Glossary Terms Archive

Causal Loop Diagram (CLD)

Did you know that causal loop diagrams can reveal why some problems persist despite our best efforts to solve them? These powerful systems thinking diagrams untangle complex relationships, showing how actions ripple through a system, often looping back in unexpected...

Z-Value

In statistics, the Z-value, or Z-score, is a powerful tool that allows us to measure how far a particular data point is from the mean of a distribution. It does this by expressing the difference between a data point and the mean in terms of standard deviations. In...

Dunnett’s Test: When and How to Compare Groups to a Control

Dunnett’s test is a post-hoc statistical method used after a significant ANOVA result to compare several treatment group means against a single control group mean, while controlling the family-wise error rate across all the comparisons. It matters because...

Capability Chart: What It Is, How to Read It, and What to Do Next

Your process is running. Data is coming in. But is the process actually capable of meeting your customer’s requirements — consistently, not just on a good day? That is the question a capability chart answers. It is one of the most practical tools in Lean Six...

Process Maturity

What is process maturity? Process maturity, often referred to as the “Process Maturity Model,” or “Mature Process” is a framework used to assess and improve the effectiveness and reliability of an organization’s task. It provides a...